Entrepreneurship Successfully Launching New Ventures

Question: Recognize a business thought for another endeavor fire up, and to clarify why you figure your thought would be a significant and achievable one to seek after in the commercial center? Answer: Presentation The term enterprise alludes to a procedure of starting another business or other organization that have attainability in the market. The business visionary at first builds up a plan of action that is trailed by accessibility of human and different assets for offering shape to the creative thought of the business person (Barringer and Ireland, 2012). The business visionary is absolutely liable for the accomplishment too disappointment of the thought or administration. For fruitful usage of the thought or administration, the business person need to experience the practicality issues, for example, target showcase, authoritative attainability, industry achievability and monetary possibility for comprehension to what degree the thought will be plausible in the cutting edge advertise pattern (Boulton and Turner, 2005). This task will talk about the procedures of creating thoughts, presentation of new business enterprise thoughts, perceiving the chances, target advertise possibility investigation, authoritative attainability examination just as natural patterns alongside Porters 5 Force Model. Methods for producing Ideas It is a typical accept that business people are conceived and can't be made. The business visionary at first has a great deal of thoughts for the business yet additionally need to comprehend the plausibility and open door for creating that thought. A most regular method of creating new thoughts of the business is through conceptualizing (Durvasula and Lysonski, 2010). Here, the gathering head or business person shares the thought among a gathering of individuals and gathers inputs and assessments in regards to the thought. Once more, the business person can examine about the thoughts through center gathering where the individuals included hush up natural to the subject. Another way the business visionary can consider new thoughts is through web and library explore. The web gives a great deal of data with respect to the market patterns and necessities of the clients (Mandel and Virgil, 2011). Along these lines, in view of the examination, the business visionary can produce the new tho ught. Presentation of new thought and perceiving openings In todays occupied world, individuals are getting progressively slanted towards the web and are centered around the employments of various applications in the Smart telephones and I telephones. In this way, for this task, the possibility of an application will be created and talked about to show its market attainability and incentive in the current and popular commercial center (Silva et al. 2012). This application will be intended to the point that it will help the clients in finding the eateries, basic food item shops and medical clinics of the territory where the clients are at present standing. This application will be taking a shot at constant condition and will just require GPS framework and web in the cell phones. This application will be effectively accessible in the fundamental telephones running on Android and Windows. It very well may be effortlessly utilized on Smartphone and iPhones and gives the addresses of the eateries, emergency clinics and basic food item shops insi de 10 km of the clients standing spot. In addition, the activity of this application is simple and is accessible in a few dialects. This thought by the business visionary is basic since the clients when visit another spot then any of the three spots turns into a pressing need to them. Abdin (2012) remarked on the way that to abstain from asking others with respect to the addressees and forestalling the odds to get confused by the others or so as to tackle the etymological issue, this application will demonstrate supportive to the clients. This application as indicated by the business visionary is in vogue and having such a large number of focal points will unquestionably be fruitful in the mechanical driven market. Achievability Analysis This is basic for the business visionary to comprehend the item and administration that the application will be providing for the clients and the degree of practicability it will have (Cook, 2012). For that, the practicality examination of the item and administration, target market, association and industry are improved comprehension of the market and the items. Item and Service Feasibility Analysis The business person has thought of propelling an application that will help in looking the about medical clinics, basic food item shops and cafés. As per Hayton and Cholakova (2011) the functional utilization of the item should be comprehended by the business visionary that to what degree the application will demonstrate accommodating to the clients. first of all the application will be accessible almost in all the dialects so it will be useful for individuals all around the globe. Furthermore, the telephones having web association just as GPS framework, can undoubtedly get to this application without problem. Thirdly, the application is of 25 MB and will consume an extremely little space in the capacity. Fourthly, it consequently stores the information of the spots once visited and can be gotten to without web during return to making less utilization of web. Additionally, the application is accessible in Google Play Store and Iphone Play store and can be gotten to and downloaded by all with no problem (Hampden-Turner, 2010). Target Market Feasibility Analysis Baumol (2011) had a view that the business visionary on understanding the pertinence of the application and its uses, need to comprehend the objective market. The utilizations of tablets and cell phones have now gotten indistinguishable with the life of the individuals. Presently days, about each individual is either having a Smartphone or an Iphone, so effectively they can get it in the play stores. It is a pattern in todays market to get stylish with the advanced applications thus clearly this application can locate a renowned situation in the market. In this way, the item will discover its application in the market focusing on enormous number of cell phone clients (Ioraitã„â€, 2014). The data that the application is promising its clients will end up being amicable to the clients. Authoritative Feasibility Analysis This is important to comprehend the proposed business thought will have adequate hierarchical assets, the board skill and ability for fruitful propelling of the application and maintaining its business. Asset Sufficiency The assets are the basic segment of any enterprise business. This is on the grounds that, from the view purpose of Levine (2012) for the dispatch of the application, adequate assets, for example, human aptitude in specialized fields, legal advisor, accomplice abilities and objectives, working spot and so forth should be broke down absolutely for the effective running of the business. The executives Prowess For effective running of the business, another achievability that should be examined is the authoritative attainability. As indicated by Oncioiu (2012) the proposed marketable strategy need to have representatives those are straightforward just as persevering alongside great specialized information. The prime supporters of the business must alter, helpful and centered towards their business. The administration approaches should be reasonable and legitimately affirmed by the worldwide laws of work (Mutara, 2012). The oversees and the fellow benefactors of the business need to have gigantic interpersonal organization associations for producing the thoughts just as distributing the applications in the market. Since, online networking is an incredible asset of showcasing and distributing the thoughts of new business. Budgetary Feasibility Another investigation of possibility that the business person needs to comprehend is the money related help and state of the business. Yong and Ho (2006) remarked on the way that money related appraisal is a urgent part inside the association since it assists with evaluating the position and quality of the firm. In view of the monetary condition, the new workers, present day innovations and types of gear are recruited and purchased to the association for the fruitful creation of the application and running it effectively. It must be recollected that not just the expense of creation of the application is basic yet advertising and crusading cost of this item and administration is additionally similarly significant (Ng, 2012). This monetary evaluation is likewise basic for the association. Through money related appraisal, the incomes, deals and benefits of the organization are additionally dissected. Industry Feasibility Analysis The business person needs to examine the modern possibility factor that incorporates the natural patterns and business patterns of the item and administration. Abrams (2012) had an assessment that it is basic since the examination helps in understanding the situation of the contenders just as the Government rules and laws for the better business improvement. Ecological Trends It is basic for the business person to know and have information with respect to the ecological patterns since it helps in understanding the quality, shortcoming, openings and dangers of the association and its rivals. As per the assessment of Gao (2010) the business visionary needs to comprehend the general condition for adapting up to the current condition and can be very much clarified through Porters 5 Force model. This model aides in understanding the danger of substitutes, danger of new contestants, contentions among the current firms, haggling intensity of providers and dealing intensity of purchasers. The business person consistently need to remember the danger of substitute items by the current organization at a low cost and with new and increasingly accommodating highlights. Barringer and Ireland, (2012) had a view that for this application, if the other organization has a superior substitute application with current highlights and attributes then unquestionably it will be a danger to the organization. Additionally, the danger of the new contestants may likewise be a rising issue to the association. This is on the grounds that; if the other business visionary with a superior thought and better innovation will present another application in the market that will have further developed and included highlights, at that point surely the organization and the business person thought will be in a stake. Since, the business person will be new to the market; it ought to have a solid bartering power

Law - INFRINGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law - INFRINGEMENT - Assignment Example hese detailed episodes with the procedure of court choice is of duplicating brand name and logo of â€Å"Nutella† and propelling its imitation â€Å"Nutello†. In spite of the fact that â€Å"Nutella† was a chocolate spread and â€Å"Nutello† was a refreshment arrangement of espresso, cocoa tea, still the court chooses the accompanying with unique reference to Singapore Business law, The law expresses that state or the name of the imitation must have a visual, aural and theoretical similarity. For this situation the name do has visual and aural likeness however the idea was somewhat extraordinary of both the associations. The court inferred that the items will be respected the same in any event, when one of these three viewpoints is absent. This is on the grounds that a relationship must be built up and gotten to with the terms under which the â€Å"Nutella† has been made in record and not what it is really managing. Word mark â€Å"Nutella† has been enrolled for whatever manages chocolate that identifies with chocolate in any physical structure (Gallezo, 2013). The legal board analyzed the idea of weakening in detail and reasoned that the as indicated by Section 2 (1) (b) of the exchange mark act, weakening regardless of whether not probability to cause bewilderment and vulnerability in the overall population, despite everything is viewed as encroachment since that make prone to cause it in prospect. The end was indeed, as there are radical changes in the monetary reaction of client so this can't be estimated and anticipated. For this reason any encroach item if not giving affordable misfortune currently, can be harming for the money related status of the exchange mark holder sooner rather than later. For this reason encroachment must be censured at all stages. A comparative occurrence has been accounted for in Thailand in which the KFC (prestigious inexpensive food chain) has been duplicated by a little café in which the proprietor of that restaurant utilizes same logo and shading blend as that of KFC yet utilizes the image of Hitler (the famous ruler) rather than Colonel Sanders who

Personal Statement. The programme of Translation and Interpretation

A few people think about interpretation as a sort of occupations just yet for me, it is a significant type of social correspondence. In this manner, I might want to apply to your college for the program of Translation and Interpretation so as to make my fantasy works out. Having studied Translation and Interpretation as an undergrad, it brings me new points of view about interpretation that it makes an interpretation of starting with one language then onto the next, yet additionally the way of life. This makes interpretation a genuine test. All things considered, I set out to grasp difficulties and I discover satisfaction in the wake of finishing different interpretation assignments. Additionally, I have an energy for it.However, my abilities in interpretation and understanding are a long way from great. Thusly, I couldn't imagine anything better than to assist my insight into language and create aptitudes in interpretation through this program, and I could take my energy and transfo rm it into my further examination. Then again, when contrast and different universities, your school isn't just spotlight on down to earth aptitudes yet in addition speculations of interpretation. I think this is better as speculations help us to distinguish interpretation issues and legitimize systems so as to have better interpretations. Consequently, I might want to apply to your school for this program rather than others.Since I am considering Higher Diploma in Translation and Interpretation, I have taken in some fundamental procedures and hypotheses of how to decipher. Additionally, I practice every one of these abilities and hypotheses by applying them into assignments and ventures. Thus, I will be more ready to ace this subject than others. Learning new dialects is one of my inclinations . I learnt Japanese and Korean when I was in structure three. Presently, I am taking a course for learning Spanish and I think these are applicable to this program. Much the same as liver Wen dell Holmes has said â€Å"Language is the blood of the spirit into which contemplations run and out of which they grow†.As language gives a knowledge into all parts of a nations culture and this is the thing that interpretation is about, the capacity to communicate in various dialects encourages me to consider this program in a more powerful manner than others. By attempted this program, I hope to see myself become a very much prepared master in this field as my future profession, who can make numerous significant commitments to interpretation and understanding. Accordingly, I have a lot of refreshing having the option to accomplish my objective by getting into your school for considering this program. Individual Statement. The program of Translation and Interpretation A few people think about interpretation as a sort of occupations just yet for me, it is an important type of social correspondence. In this way, I might want to apply to your college for the program of Translation and Interpretation so as to make my fantasy works out as expected. Having studied Translation and Interpretation as an undergrad, it brings me new points of view about interpretation that it makes an interpretation of starting with one language then onto the next, yet in addition the way of life. This makes interpretation a genuine test. In any case, I set out to grasp difficulties and I discover satisfaction subsequent to finishing different interpretation assignments. Additionally, I have an energy for it.However, my aptitudes in interpretation and translation are a long way from great. Thusly, I couldn't imagine anything better than to facilitate my insight into language and create aptitudes in interpretation through this program, and I could take my excitement and trans form it into my further investigation. Then again, when contrast and different universities, your school isn't just spotlight on reasonable abilities yet in addition speculations of interpretation. I think this is better as speculations help us to recognize interpretation issues and legitimize procedures so as to have better interpretations. In this manner, I might want to apply to your school for this program rather than others.Since I am considering Higher Diploma in Translation and Interpretation, I have taken in some fundamental methods and hypotheses of how to decipher. Plus, I practice every one of these aptitudes and hypotheses by applying them into assignments and ventures. Thus, I will be more ready to ace this subject than others. Learning new dialects is one of my inclinations . I learnt Japanese and Korean when I was in structure three. Presently, I am taking a course for learning Spanish and I think these are applicable to this program. Much the same as liver Wendell Ho lmes has said â€Å"Language is the blood of the spirit into which musings run and out of which they grow†.As language gives a knowledge into all parts of a nations culture and this is the thing that interpretation is about, the capacity to communicate in various dialects causes me to consider this program in a more viable manner than others. By embraced this program, I hope to see myself become a very much prepared master in this field as my future vocation, who can make numerous important commitments to interpretation and translation. Along these lines, I have a lot of refreshing having the option to accomplish my objective by getting into your school for contemplating this program.

How to Write Amazing Caltech Essays

The most effective method to Write Amazing Caltech Essays SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The California Institute of Technology-or Caltech, as it’s all the more generally known-is an exceptionally elite school. In the event that you need to join the Beavers, you’ll need top evaluations and state administered test scores, however solid composing enhancements to help them also. Caltech acknowledges around nine percent of understudies that apply, making it an amazingly serious school.The more you think about the Caltech exposition prompts before you start, the more ready you are to answer them. Peruse on to find out about 2018’s article prompts, just as certain tips and deceives for amplifying their capability to intrigue! Highlight Image:Canon.vs.nikon/Wikimedia Commons What Do I Need to Know About the Caltech Essays? Caltech acknowledges both the Coalition and Common Application, so you can utilize whichever application suits you better. Notwithstanding the requiredCoalition or Common Application papers, Caltech likewise requires four short articles. One paper requests that you depict three encounters that added to your enthusiasm for STEM fields, with 10 to 120 words for each understanding, or 30 to 360 total.The other three articles, which spread how you’ll interface with the Caltech people group, what inventive and fun interests you have, and what decent variety you’ll bring to the understudy body, have prerequisites of 250 to 400 words. By and large, you’ll be composing somewhere in the range of 780 and 1560 words. These expositions are genuinely short, so you’ll need to invest a decent measure of energy sharpening your contention to its generally proficient. Start early so you have a lot of time to design, refine, modify, and evidence before you submit! Do a little arrangement and you can look this cheerful when composing your Caltech expositions, as well! What Are the Caltech Essay Prompts? TheCaltech article prompts are genuinely standard, however every one is customized to the college’s determinations. You’ll see the typical â€Å"Why This College?† and â€Å"Diversity† exposition questions, yet consistently remember that you’re applying to Caltech explicitly, and your articles ought to mirror that. Brief #1 Portray three encounters as well as exercises that have built up your energy for a potential vocation in a STEM field. (Your reaction for each experience/action should extend between 10-120 words.) The primary article requests that you portray three things that have prompted your affection for whatever STEM field you like. Note the word prerequisite every thing should fall somewhere in the range of 10 and 120 words, which means you’ll should be exceptionally short. Caltech needs you to utilize this space to show your enthusiasm for your preferred STEM field. They need to catch wind of your enthusiasm and what intrigues you, so burrow profound to truly find that flash of motivation. Perhaps you were enthralled by a youth assortment of ocean monkeys, or you took your absolute first game reassure separated to perceive how it functioned and you set up it back. These are for the most part extraordinary spots to begin, however be certain that they’re both brief and important to you. You’re revealing to Caltech a short anecdote about yourself with these three encounters, exhibiting what attracts you to STEM over some other field, so be certain that the affirmations office comprehends what brings you here, yet why. Explicitness and quickness are your closest companions in this segment. Perhaps you truly have needed to do PC programming for as long as you can remember, yet Caltech needs you to be progressively explicit. Name three examples that enlivened you, not your life overall. Caltech, as a STEM-centered school, additionally needs to see your interest and intrigue. Come back to encounters including math or science that energized you from quite a while ago and contemplate how you felt and how they made you need to find out additional. These are the sorts of encounters that Caltech needs to catch wind of! For this brief, keep away from the trap of going on and on. When we’re considering developmental encounters that energize us, we can will in general get a little wordy. Oppose that allurement you just have 120 words each, so keep it as basic and immediate as you can, with no lighten. Each answer should state what the experience was and how that built up your energy. Anything else than that, and you hazard squandering space. Brief #2 Much like the life of an expert researcher or architect, the life of a Techer depends intensely on joint effort. Knowing this, what do you would like to investigate, enhance, or make with your Caltech peers? (Your reaction should run between 250-400 words.) This is a turn on the run of the mill â€Å"Why You?† question. Ordinarily, these inquiries are posing to what you’ll bring to a college’s understudy body-in Caltech’s case, they’re searching for explicit data about how you intend to take part in the network. Consider your scholastic and vocation objectives, and consolidate them with what you think about Caltech’s people group. How might they assist you with contacting them? Caltech doesn’t just need to think about what you would like to accomplish with your instruction. Caltech makes reference to in their statement of purpose that they intend to â€Å"expand human information and advantage society.† Do your objectives line up with that crucial? By what means will being a piece of the Caltech people group not simply having a degree from an esteemed college assist you with accomplishing your desires? Your most logical option with this inquiry is to get explicit. Continuously remember the edge of coordinated effort however we frequently acknowledge people for logical revelations and innovation, many are assembled by gatherings of individuals expanding on one another’s examine. On the off chance that you have a particular thought as a primary concern, for example, refining lab-developed meat for large scale manufacturing, consider what abilities you have and what aptitudes you don’t. In what manner can your cohorts at Caltech help? Investigate Caltech’s clubs and courses and discover some that coordinate your objectives. On the off chance that lab-developed meat is your objective, investigate Caltech’s bioengineering contributions and overlap those into your answer-being explicit about how Caltech and the individuals you meet there will assist you with meeting your objectives will clarify that it’s Caltech, not only a degree, that interests to you. Despite the fact that your objectives are imperative to this inquiry, abstain from concentrating a lot on yourself or thinking excessively far forward. This inquiry needs to think about your time at Caltech-center around the following scarcely any years and how you want to create as a major aspect of the STEM people group. This person would fit right in at Caltech. Brief #3 Caltech understudies are frequently known for their comical inclination and inventive tricks. What do you like to accomplish for entertainment only? (Your reaction should extend between 250-400 words.) Trust this inquiry Caltech is in fact known for its pleased history of pranks.The confirmations office needs to catch wind of your life outside of scholastics and learning. What do you like to do that isn’t identified with your field of study? The motivation behind this inquiry is to get familiar with you as a person. In the event that you’re in the running for Caltech, you’re effectively an understudy with a solid scholastic record-as is every other person at your level. This inquiry needs to realize what makes you extraordinary, what highlights, character qualities, and interests will make you an understudy that Caltech needs to have around. It’s significant this be an inquiry you answer without a scholastic core interest. That may sound abnormal you should be great at Caltech, all things considered however think past your science work or the game you’ve been taking a shot at. Obviously, you ought to likewise be set up to answer why whatever you pick matters to you. Perhaps you’re truly into cultivating in light of the fact that seeing something develop from a seed to a plant brings you satisfaction. Perhaps assuming tabletop pretending games is your thing, in light of the fact that it’s an innovative outlet that pushes you to think on the fly. Whatever the leisure activity, it should mean something to you-hours carelessly surfing Netflix isn’t going to cut it. There are a couple of things to maintain a strategic distance from with this brief. One of a kind is acceptable, yet dubious is excessively. Going to school is fitting into a network, and Caltech needs to realize that you’ll take an interest in the network. In the event that you appear to be purposefully provocative, for example, if your preferred side interest is being a troll online-you may stand out for an inappropriate reasons. Likewise do whatever it takes not to be excessively broad. In the event that you like to peruse, mention to them what-would you be able to draw your own guide of Middle-earth from memory? In the event that you play computer games, let them know why-possibly you’re part of a top-positioned Overwatchteam, and you appreciate the brotherhood of pounding your position with companions, or perhaps you’re taking a stab at the world-record in speedrunning Super Mario 64 in light of the fact that you appreciate the rush of finding another glitch. Once more, consistently return to particularity and expressing why. It’s better all things considered and compact than longwinded and obscure! Brief #4 The procedure of revelation best advances when individuals from different foundations, encounters, and points of view meet up. How would you see yourself adding to the decent variety of Caltech's people group? (Your reaction should extend between 250-400 words.) This inquiry is a great portrayal of the â€Å"Diversity† essay.What Caltech needs to know with this brief is the thing that you as a one of a kind individual bring to the network. That can be everything from your financial foundation to your eccentric childhood as a venturing out bazaar entertainer to your enthusiasm for antique guitars-don’t feel like the main importance for â€Å"diversity† is hardship you’ve experienced. Schools are places where heaps of individuals of various foundations meet up, and Caltech needs to realize that you’re going to both contribute and regard that decent variety. Considering the manners in which that you contrast from others is an incredible method of demonstrating that you’re comparatively

How provision of nonaudit services affects auditors independence - Free Essay Example

Recent expansion of nonaudit services by public accounting firms has caused some to question whether auditors who provide nonaudit services to audit clients can remain independent of their clientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Introduction The increasing level of frauds and scandals in the corporate sector have resulted in an upsurge in the regulations for audit firms whereby their independence is kept into question due to the non-audit services they offer to their audit clients (IOSCO, 2007). Many public accounting firms provide such services to their clients merely because of convenience, knowledge about the clients financial statements and saving extra time spent dealing with audit and non-audit services separately (Muir, 2014). However, financial statement users often perceive it as impairing the auditors independence (Al-Ajmi and Saudagaran, 2011). Different views exist about the impact of providing non-audit services to audit clients; they may have negative (Quick and Rasmussen, 2015), positive (Wang and Hay, 2013) or no effect on the auditors independence (Jenkins and Krawczyk, 2001). As such, this essay will explore whether the provision of nonaudit services affects auditors independence. Definition and Role of Non-audit Services Adeyemi and Olowookere (2012) regard non-audit services to be any services provided by an auditor other than their code audit function. These services may include bookkeeping (Jenkins and Krawczyk, 2001), management consultancy (ICAEW, 2015), tax advisory services (Pwc, 2014), human resource consultancy (ABP, 2004) and others. Jenkins and Krawczyk (2001) found that bookkeeping has a negative impact on auditors independence, while management consultancy and tax advisory services have a positive impact. The differences occur because of an expectation gap between the auditing professionals and financial statement users (Jenkins and Krawczyk, 2001). Looking at it from a marketing perspective, organisations providing additional value to their customers other than their core service are considered to be highly competitive and end up being more successful than their competitors (Hoffman, 2009). That is exactly what audit firms strive for when they offer additional services to their cli ents in anticipation of strengthening relationship with them (Ismail, Hasnah, Ibrahim and Isa, 2006). However, critics object on the income received from non-audit services because their impact on the objectivity of the auditor has long been considered as a potential threat for the auditing process and financial system as a whole (Adeyemi and Olowookere, 2012). Okaro and Okafor (2009) pointed out that an audit firm auditing their own work is not regarded to be independent and the objectivity of their work may be questioned at any point by financial statement users. To avoid any criticisms from their stakeholders, audit firms need to be particular about their audit quality, which is considered to be high if the stakeholders are assured to have no uncertainty and ambiguity in the financial statements prepared by the management (Krishan, Zhang and Sami, 2005). Negative Impact on Auditors Independence Threat to Audit Quality The work of an audit firm is to act as an investment guide, which helps in their clients valuation and predicting bankruptcy (Salehi, 2009a). Research suggests that there is a strong relationship between the credibility of the statements produced by an audit firm and the investment decision taken by the client (Salehi, 2009a). Therefore the economic development of the client is often dependent upon the credibility of the documents prepared by the audit firm, which depicts the financial standing of the client (Wahdan et al., 2005). Sori and Karbhari (2006) believe that the auditor independence may be affected by this economic bonding between the auditor and the client. In case of an increasing pressure from the client regarding consultancy in investment decisions, the auditor may unintentionally overlook the quality of the actual audit services. Gwilliam (2010) mentioned that a classic example of audit failure was that of Ernst Young while conducting the audit of a UK truck manu facturing company, ERF. In that case, the provision of non-audit services impaired the audit quality to such an extent that the firm had to undergo a couple of lawsuits. A part of the case constituted of the company accountants attempt to fabricate the VAT returns, so that the repayments from the Customs and Excise could be received. Moreover, the audit team did not work on the VAT separately; they relied upon the figures received from the VAT specialists. This compromise in the quality of audit services resulting from intrusion of additional services, negatively affected the independence of Ernst Young. Threat due to the Provision of Joint Services Another problem arises when the audit and non-audit services are provided in conjunction with each other, whereby the focus on the actual service may be lost (Sori and Karbhari, 2006). Swanger and Chewning (2001) recommended a solution to this issue, i.e. the personnel performing the audit and non-audit services should be separate. Regulatory authorities, however, believe that it would be difficult to track performance if this solution is implemented; hence audit firms should be banned from providing any additional services to their clients (Chadbourne and Parke, 2003). Additionally, the Securities and Exchange Commission adopted rules which limit the audit firms from providing any compensation to their clients in joint services (Chadbourne and Parke, 2003). Threat of Higher Non-audit Fee Research indicates that the auditor independence is adversely affected if the fee paid for non-audit services is higher when compared with that of audit services (Frankel, Johnson and Nelson, 2002). Due to the existence of this threat, the Securities and Exchange Commission devised laws which enforced the disclosure of all fees paid to auditors by their clients (Chadbourne and Parke, 2003). Chen, Elder and Liu (2005) found an unfavourable relationship between non-audit services and the degree of acceptance the client showed to the recommendations by the auditor. This imparts that highly extensive additional services result in lower possibility of acceptance from the client, due to the equally high fee attached to them (Reynolds, Deis and Francis, 2004). Therefore, it may turn out to be hazardous for the audit firms independence as it would then attempt to introduce even more extensive non-audit services, further complicating legal requirements for itself. Threat from Relationship with Management Perhaps the greatest detrimental effect which non-audit services have on auditors independence is related to the relationship between the auditor and client management and the way it affects audit approach (Gwilliam, Teng and Marnet, 2014). Despite its economic dependence on its clients, the audit firms independence is greatly strengthened by lower levels of competition to cater to its clients (Quick and Rasmussen, 2015). Positive Impact on Auditors Independence Strengthening Audit Quality Wang and Hay (2013) provided evidence for a positive relationship between provision of non-audit services and auditors independence, indicating that these additional services help the audit firms distinguish themselves from their competitors, whereby they portray their uniqueness in front of their clients. Some authors support this claim by saying that the auditors objectivity is strengthened by non-audit services because they help them form a better understanding of their clients (Jenkins and Krawczyk, 2001). Proponents of this view explain that the audit quality is indeed enhanced by the provision of non-audit services, because the auditors are then able to develop a better understanding of their clients industry, competitive position, strategies, business model and the risks they face (Ernst Young, 2013). Gwilliam, Teng and Marnet (2014) mentioned that because of economies of scope, the joint provision of audit and non-audit services has economic benefits for both the auditor a nd the client. It is mainly because of knowledge spillovers. Limiting the audit firms from providing non-audit services would result in economic inefficiency. Ernst Young (2013), for example, takes advantage of its non-audit services through knowledge spillovers; i.e. it uses the financial information gained from auditing its clients to provide advisory and consultancy services to the same clients related to their investment decisions, recruitment, strategic direction and other such internal matters. While there are concerns regarding clients paying higher fee when they opt for a joint provision of both types of services (Frankel, Johnson and Nelson, 2002), there is another school of thought which directs financial statement users to initially compare the frequency of usage of both audit and non-audit services before jumping to any such conclusions (Ezzamel, Gwilliam and Holland, 2002). This imparts that firms paying higher may be using more of non-audit services than actual audit services. An example of the positive effect of non-audit services could be gauged from the recent guidelines by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC, 2015), which introduced the revised Auditing Standards ensuring that the auditors are able to get some consultancy and advice regarding provision of non-audit services. Along with explaining its regulations, it also claims to provide guidance to audit firms on how they can use these supplementary services to their advantage, remaining within the ethical code of conduct. Even in case of pressure from the client regarding non-audit services, the auditor must first ensure its stakeholders that it produces completely transparent financial statements and should not get involved in suspicious practices, such as the KPMG case, where the companys accountants were doubted to be involvement in tax dodging, which they finally had to publicly admit. They then avoided the lawsuits by paying a huge penalty and accepting the conditions impos ed by the US Justice Department (Gwilliam, Teng and Marnet, 2014). Positive Reputation Effects Supporters of non-audit services do not contradict with the laws related to these services; they in fact believe that if the services are provided with the appropriate measures to safeguard auditors independence, they will end up being favourable for both the auditor and the client (Ernst Young, 2013). Advocates of this viewpoint also found that the income received as a result of providing non-audit services helps in enhancing auditors reputational capital, which is the firms goodwill in the market (Wang and Hay, 2013). Thus, to sustain their goodwill, audit firms would keep themselves from surrendering to their clients. Evidence from economic models suggests that audit firms may be willing to forgo short-term increases in earnings from non-independent behavior in anticipation of building a better reputation in the long run, leading to higher economic returns (Gwilliam, Teng and Marnet, 2014). Firms would, therefore, abide by the rules as they prove to be a powerful tool to safegu ard against any independence violence. Enhancement in Audit Training Some researchers believe that if auditing personnel are involved in providing non-audit services, they will not be able to perform the audit tasks in a complex business environment (Sori and Karbhari, 2006). On the contrary, proponents of non-audit services argue that by performing these additional services, junior auditors and audit trainees learn many skills which then help them become more competent accountants, which favourably impacts the audit firms independence and audit quality (Gwilliam, Teng and Marne, 2014). No Impact on Auditors Independence Some researchers believe that there is no relationship between provision of non-audit services and auditor independence (Jenkins and Krawczyk, 2001). Reviewing 20 years of literature, Salehi (2009b) did not find enough evidence about investors being concerned with non-audit services. Quick and Rasmussen (2009) also discovered that there is a lack of evidence supporting the claim that non-audit services are the reason behind impairment of auditors independence. Tepalagul and Lins (2014) study revealed that providing consultancy services to audit clients does not really affect the perceptions of the financial statement users about auditors credibility and independence; it in fact helps in enhancing the organisations internal control systems. Conclusion There are many reasons due to which an auditors reliability and independence may be compromised, one of which is often said to be the additional non-audit services provided by audit firms to their clients. Some researchers believe that these services pose to be a threat to the audit quality and independence by joint provision of both service types, higher non-audit fee and relationship with management. There are others who believe that these services positively influence auditor independence, whereby the audit quality is strengthened and the audit firm enjoys better reputational capital and enhanced audit training. There are still other researchers who found non-audit services to have no impact on the auditors independence. Numerous examples of firms are present supporting either of the three viewpoints; it all depends upon the auditors strategic moves by which it strives to safeguard its independence and the reliability of its work. The doubts financial statement users have about auditors performance can be handled well by standardized processes and transparency of information provided by audit firms. References ABP (2004). Ethical Standards 5: Non-Audit Services Provided to Audit Clients. The Auditing Practices Board. [Online] Available at: https://www.frc.org.uk/Our-Work/Publications/APB/ES-5-Non-audit-services-provided-to-audit-clients.pdf Adeyemi, S.B., and Olowookere, J.K. (2012). Non-audit Services and Auditor Independence Investors Perspective in Nigeria. Business and Management Review, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 89-97. Al-Ajmi, J., and Saudagaran, S. (2011). Perceptions of Auditors and Financial-Statement Users Regarding Auditor Independence in Bahrain. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 130-160. Chadbourne, and Parke, (2003). SEC Adopts Final Rules on Auditor Independence. [Online] Available at: https://www.chadbourne.com/files/Publication/40905c7b-de76-481d-a771-124300cc04ba/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/891d9f5a-b897-44ed-a141-004f2d922405/SECAdoptsFinalRulesonAuditorIndependence.pdf Chen, K.Y., Elder, R.J., and Liu, J.L. (2005). Auditor Independence, Audit Quality and Auditor-Client Negotiation Outcomes: Some Evidence from Taiwan. Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 119-146. Ernst Young (2013). QA on Non-audit Services. Point of View: Our Perspective on Issues of Concern. [Online] Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-qa-on-non-audit-services-march2013/$FILE/EY-qa-on-non-audit-services-march2013.pdf Ezzamel, M., Gwilliam, D., and Holland, K. (2002). The Relationship between Categories of Non-audit Services and Audit Fees: Evidence from the UK. International Journal of Auditing, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 13-35. Frankel, R.M., Nelson, M.F., and Johnson, K.K. (2002). The Relation between Auditors Fees for Non-audit Services and Earnings Management. The Accounting Review: Supplement 2002, Vol. 77, No. s-1, pp. 71-105. FRC (2015). FRCs Work to Enhance Justifiable Confidence in audit through Implementation of the EU Audit Regulation and Directive. [Online] Available at: https://www.frc.org.uk/News-and-Events/FRC-Press/Press/2015/September/FRC-s-work-to-enhance-justifiable-confidence-in-au.aspx Gwilliam, D. (2010). Trucking on: Audit in the Real World? (Man V Freightliner and Ernst Young). Journal of Professional Negligence, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 180-193. Gwilliam, D., Teng, C.M., and Marnet, O. (2014). How does Joint Provision of Audit and Non-audit Services Affect Audit Quality and Independence? A Review. Chartered Accountants Trustees Limited. [Online] Available at: https://www.icaew.com/en/products/audit-and-assurance-publications/~/media/481bd2be6ac7414cb4248996d259f8f5.ashx Hoffman, K.D. (2009). Services Marketing: Concepts, Strategies Cases. Third International Edition. Mason: South-Western. ICAEW (2015). The Provision of Non-audit Services to Audit Clients. [Online] Available at: https://www.icaew.com/en/technical/ethics/auditor-independence/provision-of-non-audit-services-to-audit-clients Ismail, I., Hasnah, H., Ibrahim, D.N., and Isa, S.M.(2006). Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 738-756. IOSCO (2007). A Survey of the Regulation of Non-Audit Services Provided by Auditors to Audited Companies Summary Report. [Online] Available at: https://www.iosco.org/library/pubdocs/pdf/IOSCOPD231.pdf Jenkins, J. G., and Krawczyk, K. (2001). The Influence of Nonaudit Services on Perceptions of Auditor Independence. Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 73-78. Krishan, J., Zhang, Y., and Sami, H. (2005). Does the Provision of Non-audit Services affect Investor Perceptions of Auditor Independence? Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 111-135. Muir, S. (2014). The Provision of Non-Audit Services to Audit Clients Still a Difficult Circle to Square. CAPITA Asset Services. [Online] Available at: https://www.capitaassetservices.com/assets/media/SS14384_Non_audit_services_article-v4.pdf Okaro, S.C., and Okafor, G.O. (2009). Stemming the Tide of Audit Failures in Nigeria. ICAN Students Journal January/March, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 11-17. Pwc (2014). EU Audit Reform: Providing Non-audit Services. [Online] Available at: https://www.pwc.co.uk/assets/pdf/pwc-uk-eu-audit-reform-client-briefing-nas-7-aug-2014.pdf Quick, R., and Rasmussen, B.W. (2009). Auditor Independence and the Provision of Non-audit Services: Perceptions by German Investors. International Journal of Accounting, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 141-162. Quick, R., and Rasmussen, B.W. (2015). An Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Non-audit Services on Auditor Independence in Appearance in the European Union: Evidence from Germany. Journal of International Financial Management Accounting, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 150-187. Reynolds, J.K., Deis, D.R., and Francis, J.R. (2004). Professional Service Fees and Auditor Objectivity. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 29-52. Salehi, M. (2009a). Non-audit Service and Audit Independence: Evidence from Iran. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 142-152. Salehi, M. (2009b). In the Name of Independence: With Regard to Practicing Non-audit Services by External Auditors. International Business Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 137-147. Sori, Z.M., and Karbhari, Y. (2006). Audit, Non-Audit Services and Auditor Independence. Staff Paper Universiti Putra Malaysia. [Online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237379279_Audit_Non-Audit_Services_and_Auditor_Independence Swanger, S.L., and Chewning, E.G. (2001). The Effect of Internal Audit Outsourcing on Financial Analysts Perception of External Auditor Independence. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 115-129. Tepalagul, N., and Lin, L. (2014). Auditor Independence and Auditor Quality: A Literature Review. Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance, Vol. 3, No. 1, 101-121. Wahdan, M.A., Spronck, P.S., Ali, H.F., Vaassen, E.V., Herik, H.J. (2005). Auditing in Egypt: A Study of Challenges, Problems and Possibility of an Automatic Formulation of the Auditors Report. [Online] Available at: https://ilk.uvt.nl/~pspronck/pubs/Wahdan2005c.pdf Wang, S.W., and Hay, D. (2013). Auditor Independence in New Zealand: Further Evidence on the Role of Non-audit Services. Accounting and Management Information Systems, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 235-262.

Leadership in Global and Multicultural Organizations Essay

Leadership in Global and Multicultural Organizations Essay Essay Prompt An analysis of an article is required for any class that is missed (as listed below). The analysis of an article will be 1-2 pages, single spaced, with one-inch margins. The analysis will include four topic headings: I. Article reference. List the bibliography information so that the instructor can find the article if he or she so desires. The article should be chosen from a respected journal or scholarly website. Furthermore, the article must relate to the corresponding chapter reading of that particular week. II. Summary. In this section briefly summarize the content of the article, identifying what makes this article unique. III. Relationship to readings. Describe the relationship between the article and the chapter readings. IV. Application. Describe how the content of the article could be used to change your workplace. Describe how the concepts could be applied to improve your organization. The company you use should be a company other than one for which you currently work. The analysis should include a description of the company, observed problems within the organization (related to the week’s readings), and recommendations for improvement. Summary of : Reading Assignments: †¢ Greenberg, J. (2013). Managing behavior in organizations: Chapters 5, 6, and 7 †¢ Spears, L. (1995). Reflections on leadership: Chapters 1, 2, 3 †¢ Rath, C. and Conchie, B. (2008). Strengths based leadership. Pp. 31-46 Essay The article dwells on the aspect of leadership and the contemporary globalized environment where the employees of all organizations are mixed in terms of age, experience, cultures and race. The three authors, all of whom are professors in different universities concentrate on discussing how organizations have become multicultural in nature and how the leadership must change to adopt the global leadership characteristics. Such a global leadership, they say needs to take into account the culture, the global strategy and the competitiveness of the competitiveness of the current market. Further, the article discusses the taxonomy of global leadership competencies and meta-competencies. In this respect, they discuss how ethics in the highly diverse cultural workplaces can be taught and the leaders need to conform to adapt to the needs of the organization and how this adaptation can be achieved. The article discusses how leadership competencies no longer confine to the behavior or personal ity or the values and knowledge, but those qualities that enable one to perform effectively in an environment outside their own nation and organizational culture. It is noteworthy how the article goes further to give how one can identify global leadership competencies and capability. The article stands out in various ways particularly in discussion of the topic therein. It sheds light on the aspect of leadership that is widened to cover the global platform and not just the localized approach. Further, it gives various real life examples that had taken place in different parts of the world, this gives it a global approach and easier to understand. It is also interesting and credit worthy that the article, in recognition of the global challenges on the cultural basis that women in leadership get, chooses to dedicate a significant section to discuss and highlight women in leadership and how they can manage to make it in the contemporary environment. Lastly, the academic value of the article is unquestionable since it comes out as a highly researched and referenced article looking at the numerous high quality references that have been used therein. This article has a close relationship with the chapters by Spears, L. (1995). Reflections on leadership: Chapters 1, 2, 3 in that they both highlight the aspects of the changing leadership dynamics in the contemporary world.   Spears reflect on servant leadership and how this approach to leadership has proven to be palatable with many organizations globally. In the same trend, this article also discusses how the global trends have reshaped leadership in a manner that it has to accommodate the diverse cultures and how it has to first reflect on the people among whom the leadership is being applied. Greenberg, J. (2013) in his book, Managing behavior in organizations mainly concentrates on the scientific approach towards organizational behavior and gives the practical ways that can be used by the managerial teams and good leaders in effectively managing the contemporary organizational environments. He highlights scientifically proven leadership approaches that take into account the c urrent challenges that come with the globalised scientific issues.  Ã‚   On the other hand, leadership is discussed by Rath, C. and Conchie, B. (2008) in their book Strengths based leadership as a virtue that goes beyond the work based aspects, but into intrinsic issues like hope, faith, individual stability and compassion. These are issues that a good and effective leader needs to be able to inspire in his followers since these help make the contemporary work environment more comfortable and development focused than in organizations without these. This article and the concepts discussed therein are instrumental in reshaping my workplace and the organization as a whole in that, bearing the continued cultural diversity of this organization, it can no longer be viewed as an American company anymore, but must now conform to the global standards. The organization, being that it deals with members of staff across a vast geographical demarcation and customers from a wide spectrum, there is need now more than before to deeply understand global leadership competencies and meta-competencies. References Prewitt J., et,al, (2011). Developing Leadership in Global and Multi-cultural Organizations. International Journal of Business and Social Sciences. Vol.2.No.13. https://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol._2_No._13_Special_Issue_July_2011/2.pdf Spears, L. (1995). Reflections on leadership: Chapters 1, 2, 3 Rath, C. and Conchie, B. (2008). Strengths based leadership. Pp. 31-46 View or Download this full document in (.docx) format. --> Open Full Document Open full document and source list OR Order A Custom Written Essay Order a one-of-a-kind custom essay on this topic

Stages Of Social Development At A Young Age - 861 Words

Stages of Social Development Individuals develop a comprehension of social and moral development at a young age. Over the span of a lifetime, an individual will proceed through eight prominent levels of transformation that enhances a particular developmental function. (Ormrod, 2014). Erik Erikson, universally respected as a primary philosopher of the 20th century, founded the eight prominent levels of transformation which focus on individuals from birth through advanced adulthood (Kivnick, Wells, 2014). 1. Infancy: Trust versus mistrust Beginning in infancy, the ability to trust or mistrust other individuals is developed by the satisfaction of ones needs either being met or neglected, usually by the infant’s caretaker. If the needs are met the infant will develop a sense of trust. If the needs of the infant are untended to, the infant will develop a sense of mistrust deeming other individuals and the world around them unreliable (Ormrod, 2014). 2. Toddler years: Autonomy versus shame and doubt During toddler years, a child begins to develop control of their muscles, giving them the capability of fulfilling their own needs. When this type of self-sufficiency is encouraged by the child’s caretaker, a child will experience a sense of independence. If the undertaking of self-sufficiency is mocked, the toddler may establish shame and doubt in relation to their capabilities (Ormrod, 2014). 3. Preschool years: Initiative versus guilt As independence flourishes, a preschoolerShow MoreRelatedSocial and Moral Development1112 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper, I will be explaining the stages of social and moral development children experience from early childhood through adolescence. I will also be comparing the social and emotional development of the children in each of the age groups that I selected in Week Six, which were early childhood and middle childhood. 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